Ua kū mau ka ʻoihana sima i ʻelua mau pilikia nui:hoʻohana ikehu kiʻekiʻeaʻaʻahu kaumaha ma nā ʻāpana metala.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Kina wale nō, ʻoi aku ma mua o2 miliona tona metalaua pau a pani hou ia. Iwaena o lakou,ʻO ka wili pōpō e lawe ma kahi o 55%o ka huina aahu, aʻO nā laina laina no kekahi 11%.
I ka manawa like, ua lilo ka chromium contamination i ka sima i mea hopohopo nui no ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni. Me nā kūlana aupuni ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, hoʻomaka nā mea kanu e ʻimi i nā mea maʻemaʻe a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai nā seramika.
No ke aha ʻo Keramika? No ka Paʻakikī loa
Ua hana nui 'ia ka 'auamo -palekana me ka alumina.
Ke piʻi ka ʻike alumina ma luna o 90%, kapa mākou iā iacorundum ceramic-a ua kiekie loa kona paakiki,ma lalo iho o ke daimana.
He mea hoʻololi maikaʻi ia no ka hao -chrome kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wili sima.
Akā, ʻaʻole ʻo Alumina Brittle? Ua hoʻoholo mākou i kēlā.
He paʻakikī loa ka alumina maʻemaʻe, akā hiki ke maʻalahi. Ma nā wili sima, hiki i nā hopena ikaika ke kumu i ka haki ʻana.
No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia, hoʻohui ʻia ka zirconia i ka alumina. Hoʻopuka kēiaZTA (Zirconia Toughened Alumina), nona nā mea ʻelua:
paakiki kiekie
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa hopena
Ma muli o kēia mea, ua kūkulu mākoupoepoe wili seramikaaʻO nā liner seramika ZTAʻo ia:
e hoemi i ka mana
ʻoki loa i ka lole metala
hoʻopau i ka haumia chromium
hāʻawi ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola lawelawe
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia i nā mea kanu sima keʻokeʻo a me nā mea kanu sima kala
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka media grinding ceramic a me nā liner ZTA i nā laina hana sima keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻāpana kala me nā hopena maikaʻi loa.
Ua ʻike nā mea hoʻohana:
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana
hoʻohana haʻahaʻa i ka ikehu
liʻiliʻi nā pani pani a me ka manawa hoʻomaha
mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, chromium -kima manuahi
Ma muli o kēia mau pōmaikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu sima ke hoʻololi nei mai ka hao -chrome kiʻekiʻe a i nā mea keramika.
ʻO kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi
Ke neʻe nei ka ʻoihana i ka hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻoi aʻe ka ikehu-ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana, ua lilo koke nā mea seramika i koho makemake no nā mea hana kima.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola, ʻaʻohe chromium, a me nā kumu kūʻai maoli -keramika ke kōkua nei i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana sima i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
