ʻO nā mea lawe ʻo Catalyst he mau mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i nā hopena kemika. ʻO kā lākou hana nui ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kākoʻo, ka hoʻopuehu a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana no nā mea hana, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka catalytic pono a hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe o nā catalysts. Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻoihana e like me ke kemika, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, a me ka ikehu, ke hoʻomau nei ka makemake o nā mea lawe catalyst, a ʻo ke koho ʻana i nā mea e pili pono ana i ka hana catalytic a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea nui o ka mea lawe catalyst ma ka mākeke e komo pū me nā oxide metala, carbon activated, sieves molecular, a me nā mea hana hou.
ʻO nā ʻokikene metala kekahi o nā mea lawe hoʻopalapala hoʻohana nui loa, a ʻo nā mea maʻamau he alumina (Al₂O₃), silica (SiO₂), titanium dioxide (TiO₂) a me zirconium oxide (ZrO₂). I waena o lākou, ua lilo ʻo alumina i mea lawe i makemake nui ʻia i ke kahua petrochemical ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe kikoʻī kikoʻī kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wela a me ka inertness kemika. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Silica i ka catalysis mālama kaiapuni a me nā kemika maikaʻi ma muli o kāna ʻano pore maikaʻi a me ka hana ʻili. ʻO ka Titanium dioxide a me ka zirconium oxide ka hana maikaʻi loa i ka hana o ka photocatalysis a me ka -wela catalysis kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu o ka lā a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kaʻa. Loaʻa iā lākou ka mana nui.
'O ke kalapona ho'ā 'ia he mea kalapona porous me ka 'ilikai kiko'ī ki'eki'e loa a me ka hiki ke ho'opili, a ho'ohana pinepine 'ia no ke kinoea adsorption a me ka wai -phase catalytic reactions. ʻO kāna hana hou a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa e kaulana ia ma nā ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka kaiapuni a me ka mālama wai. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ke kalapona i hoʻololi ʻia (e like me ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka metala a i ʻole heteroatom doping) i kāna hana catalytic, a ua hana maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻona (VOC) a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.
ʻO ka sieve molecular kahi mea silicate me kahi ʻano microporous maʻamau. ʻO kāna ʻano pore kū hoʻokahi e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻopili a hoʻopaʻa i nā molekole kikoʻī. ZSM{3}}5, Y-type molecular sieve, etc. ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila a me ka hana kemika, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka isomerization, ka pohā a me nā hopena alkylation.
Eia hou, me ka holomua o ka ʻepekema waiwai, ua lilo nā mea hou i hui pū ʻia (e like me carbon nanotubes, graphene-loaded metal oxides) i wahi wela no ka noiʻi. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea i ka conductivity kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana catalytic maikaʻi loa, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō i nā holomua i loko o nā pūnae ahi, mālama ikehu a me nā ʻoihana kemika kiʻekiʻe.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, i ka ulu ʻana o ka noi no ke kemika ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau, e lilo nā mea o nā mea lawe catalyst i mea like ʻole, a ʻo ka hana kiʻekiʻe, -kumu liʻiliʻi a me nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni e lilo i kumu no ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, e hāʻawi ana i ke kākoʻo ikaika no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole.
